Speech On The Freedom Of Speech - 3338 Words

Freedom of speech is the right to communicate one s opinions and ideas. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Governments restrict speech with varying limitations. Common limitations on speech relate to libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, hate speech, incitement, fighting words, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements, right to privacy, right to be forgotten, public security, public order, public nuisance, campaign finance reform and oppression. Whether these limitations can be justified under the harm principle depends upon whether influencing a third party s opinions or actions adversely to the second party constitutes such harm or not. Governmental and other compulsory organizations often have policies restricting the freedom of speech, for example, speech codes at state schools. The term offense principle is also used to expand the range of free speech limitations to prohibit forms of expression where they are considered offensive to society, special interest groups or individuals. For example, freedom of speech is limited in many jurisdictions to widely differing degrees by religious legal systems, religious offense or incitement to ethnic or racial hatred laws. The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under article 19 of the Universal DeclarationShow MoreRelatedFreedom : Freedom Of Speech And Freedom Of Speech1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining how much freedom the citizens in a society has. Throughout history we have seen many different type of governments that include North Koreas’ dictatorship to the United States that has a government based on principles of democracy. In societies that have democratic governments such as the United States, England, France, and many other western European countries, the citizens have a high degree of freedom of speech. In addition, these people are allowed to have a high degree of freedom of thoughtRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Freedoms Of Freedom Of Speech937 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech now a day’s means being able to have the right to express one’s own opinions without restraint. The United States of America is an open country for any U.S. citizen to be free to say what one would like. By citizens having freedom of speech, it gives the people the right to use hate speech. Freedom of speech belongs to every person in the United States. Here lately citizens are witnessing the rising concerns with hate speech. Unfortunately, hate speech is protected by freedomRead MoreSpeech : Freedom Of Speech1364 Words   |  6 Pages Even though freedom of speech can be tricky, understanding what can be said under the first amendment is key. This will give you more confidence when you re talking about current events, it ll inhibit social interaction, but the biggest reason of all is understanding your rights will keep you out of jail. Even the supreme court struggles to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. When trying to see if your covered by the first amendment, certain questions have to be displayed. AreRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech953 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech is authorized to every person; rich or poor, young or old, every person holds different opinion and it’s their right to express it. The definition of Freedom of speech is, every person has the right to express his/her opinion without the fear of government or society telling them it is wrong to express. Being individuals, we are all different. We all possess different ideas, tastes and thinking. Freedom of speech is like freedom of thoughts. If we are comfortable with each other’sRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pages Abby Koopmann Ethics Freedom of Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the governmentRead MoreSpeech : The Freedom Of Speech Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesCitizens of the United States are privileged to the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, but the constitutional limits of the freedom of speech have been questioned on multiple occasions. Citizens of the United States have called upon the Supreme Court numerous times to interpret the meaning of the First Amendment, and the court has censored some forms of speech such as obscene speech --which has been prohibited--and indecent or pornographic speech--which has been regulated (Barrett, 1999). PublicRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech1105 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, part of the First Amendment, is a privileged right that should not be taken lightly. The Milo Bill is said to protect students’ right to their freedom of speech on school grounds. It was introduced at Tennessee’s State House and is named after Milo Yiannopoulos, a British public speaker who made a career out of â€Å"trolling† liberals and gained publicity for uncalled-for acts, such as racist and harassing comments on Twitter, which got him banned from the socialRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1147 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of speech serves to be a fundamental democratic right that affords every citizen participation in The United States constitutional democracy. It is a vital tool because it can be utilized by every person, rich, poor, black or white to voice their concerns and rejections of the federal or state government in hopes to bring about change. In addition, the first amendment allows for the free exchange of ideas, as it creates the moral imperative to challenge and oppose hateful ideas and celebrateRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech950 Words   |  4 Pagesexpress yourself freely. Liberty was not absolute for everybody. Way back and even today people still don’t have complete liberty in America. The early Americans put limits on freedom even when they were trying to create more freedom. The type of limits that the early Americans put on freedom were limits on freedom of speech, and much more. Even with the American Revolution, it was not for everybody. The American Re volution was only for the colonist and men, but over time the idea of liberty andRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1194 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no need to worry, I promise that the words â€Å"attention class there is a speech presentation today† will not be the end of life as we know it. Getting up and making ourselves vulnerable to the audience forget it, is the worst possible thing to do. The words â€Å"public speaking† will send a chill down most peoples spines. And I mean god forbid we do not get the A that all of our heart’s desire, I know that for me a knock to my GPA is like a sword to the chest. Is it actually the scariest thing

Savage Beast Free Essays

Importance of a good Elevator Pitch – While persistence and ingenuity were also important factors in getting Savage Beast’s initial investment, the investor decided to invest after only ten minutes. This implies that Savage Beast had a strong elevator pitch that was both informative enough and interesting enough to hook an investor. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Savage Beast or any similar topic only for you Order Now Defined roles – When everybody know what their role in the company entails, it akes for a well-oiled machine. When everybody has a Job to do and everybody is open and understanding of the Job decisions get made that are in the best interests of the company. 3. Sustainable plans – There are a lot of good ideas, but in order to be a successful company these ideas have to have long term footing. Without growth, the company will fail. For instance, if there is a music tool with a small music library, no one will invest. 4. Corporate decisions – It is important for everyone in upper management to be on the same page and to agree on company decisions. When the ounders of a company are not in agreement the entire company suffers. In this case, I think one of them leaving was a good decision. 5. Redirection – Taking a step back and reassessing goals and options can be a huge turn around for a struggling company. There is no shame in stopping one failing strategy as long as the new strategy has purpose and direction. Section C – Discussion Questions 1 . Where exactly did Savage Beast go wrong? There was timing issues (the dot com crash), unsustainable goals, and corporate dissonance, but which were causes and which were effects? How to cite Savage Beast, Papers

Adjudication, the legal process of resolving a dispute free essay sample

The formal giving or pronouncing of a judgment or decree in a court proceeding; also the judgment or decision was given. The entry of a decree by a court in respect to the parties in a case. It implies a hearing by a court, after notice, of legal evidence on the factual issue(s) involved. The equivalent of a determination. It indicates that the claims of all the parties thereto have been considered and set at rest.Three types of disputes are resolved through adjudication: disputes between private parties, such as individuals or corporations; disputes between private parties and public officials; and disputes between public officials or public bodies. The requirements of full adjudication include notice to all interested parties (all parties with a legal interest in, or legal right affected by, the dispute) and an opportunity for all parties to present evidence and arguments. The adjudicative process is governed by formal rules of evidence and procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Adjudication, the legal process of resolving a dispute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its objective is to reach a reasonable settlement of the controversy at hand. A decision is rendered by an impartial, passive fact finder, usually a judge, jury, or administrative tribunal. The adjudication of a controversy involves the performance of several tasks. The trier must establish the facts in controversy, and define and interpret the applicable law, or, if no relevant law exists, fashion a new law to apply to the situation. Complex evidentiary rules limit the presentation of proofs, and the Anglo-American tradition of Stare Decisis, or following precedents, controls the outcome. However, the process of applying established rules of law is neither simple nor automatic. Judges have considerable latitude in interpreting the statutes or case law upon which they base their decisions.A hearing in which the parties are given an opportunity to present their evidence and arguments is essential to an adjudication. The Anglo-American law presumes that the parties to the dispute are in the best position to know the facts of their particular situations and develop their own proofs. If the hearing is before a court, formal rules of procedure and evidence govern; a hearing before an Administrative Agency is generally less structured.Following the hearing, the decision maker is expected to deliver a reasoned opinion. This opinion is the basis for review if the decision is appealed to a higher tribunal (a court of appeals). It also helps ensure that decisions are not reached arbitrarily. Finally, a well-reasoned opinion forces the judge to carefully think through his or her decision in order to be able to explain the process followed in reaching it. Adjudication of a controversy generally ensures a fair and equitable outcome. Because courts are governed by evidentiary and procedural rules, as well as by stare decisis, the adjudicative process assures litigants of some degree of efficiency, uniformity, and predictability of result.

Proposal Modeled on Swifts Modest Proposal

China has been the most highly populated country in the world for innumerable years. Its population on December 1st 2010 was approximately 1,355,033,812 (Population of China 2010 n. p.). From a head count of almost 660 million in 1961, the figure rose rapidly and crossed the one billion mark between 1981 and ’82 (Population of China 2010 n. p.).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal Modeled on Swift’s Modest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interestingly, the increase in population in the two decades within a 1961-1981period (approximately 340 million or 17 million per year) is more or less equal to the increase in the subsequent three decades between 1981-’82 and 2010 (approximately 355 million at only 12 million per year). It may be surmised that some measures were put into place around 1980 to control the burgeoning birth rate to over 12 million births per year. China had been through a traumatic lustrum immediately after its famine in 1962, in which a reported figure of 30 million citizens died of starvation. People learned by default how to manage with limited resources and it dawned upon them that their biggest problem lay in the large numbers of mouths to feed. On their own, they started reducing the size of their hitherto huge families. Chairman Mao, leader of People’s Republic of China, latched on this trend and came out in favor of small families, particularly because China was just about finding its global feet post-famine nearing the 1970s (Li 446). However, the Chinese people’s pace of reducing family size was relatively slow. Facing wide-ranging socio-economic problems linked with overpopulation, Chinese authorities resorted to diverse methods to keep population under control (Cook n. d.). As assessed above, â€Å"China started the one child per family policy officially in 1979† (Cook n. p.). Families were offered various incentives to limit their offspring to one. â€Å"Stiff punishments were threatened to deter families from procreating more than one child, like fifty percent income tax, withdrawal of jobs or other benefits, forced medical termination of unauthorized pregnancies† (Cook n. p.) and other draconian measures. â€Å"Chinese preference for male offspring showed up as a huge number of cases of female infanticide† (Cook n. p.). In a study called The Ratio of Males to Females in China, the Chinese, like Indians and many other Asians, â€Å"prefer sons to daughters outright† (Liu Zhang n. p.).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is an age-old custom, based on the irrefutable fact that only male offspring can carry the family name forward. Their supposedly better earning power allows them to take their parents in and care for them in their dotage or periods of poor health . Daughters are lost to their parents once wed, and will not be in a position to take their parents under their wing. Chinese authorities anticipated and put down violent internal dissensions that followed the implementation of these highly unpopular Government policies. Specific disapproval was voiced volubly around the globe, with most developed countries, along with a few others, expressing their condemnation of Chinese birth control policies in no uncertain terms. In a calculated move, the Chinese Government allowed only rustic couples, whose first child was a girl, to conceive a second child. What is cleverly concealed is the fate of the second fetus once an ultrasound gender check showed that the unborn baby was again a girl. â€Å"China, however, rejoiced internally, having reduced their charted population growth by 250-300 million births post 1979† (China’s one child policy may be relaxed: Overpopulation complexity n. p.). This is a factor that has been vindica ted by its pre-eminent status in the economic world today in per capita terms. It has been said that Chairman Mao did not believe in five or ten year policies. He invariably looked one full generation ahead. Liu and Zhang (n. p.) also state that a linked study has found that China had 32 million more boys than girls under the age of 20 in 2005 and has attributed this imbalance to the one child per family policy as well as female infanticide. As part of the population under study has reached marriageable and childbearing age, this discrepancy needs to be put right urgently. The Chinese Government is still casting about to find a suitable solution. I would like to draw attention to a solution proposed by Jonathan Swift in his highly acclaimed satire published in 1729, ‘A Modest Proposal’, as quoted infra: I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wh olesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled†¦(Swift 53).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal Modeled on Swift’s Modest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Swift also has another theory, stated tongue in cheek by a Frenchman, that â€Å"most children are born nine months after Lent† (54) and the market would be full of one-year olds early the next year. In an acerbic aside, the author expects the child’s parent’s to earn money by â€Å"skinning the corpse and using the skin to make attractive gloves for ladies and elaborate boots for men† (Swift 3). I find the proposals both repugnant and hideous. I believe that Swift has overshot his satirical remit at this stage. I have an alternative and simple proposal. As soon as a Chinese woman finds herself pregnant, she should voluntarily have the gender of her child tested, on pain of ostracism. If male, than child sh ould be marked for abortion. Assuming an equal number of births by gender, as many as six million male children will be born every year. The inequity of 32 million cannot be wiped off in five consecutive years, by terminating all male fetuses during those five years. For instance, let us assume that all male fetuses were aborted starting in January 2011. No male child would be born till early 2016. The male female imbalance would be set right, no doubt, but there would be no boy ready for marriage for five years starting around 2032. I therefore suggest that one out of two males be randomly aborted during the period 2011-2020, so that the imbalance is evened out in a phased manner (Population of China 2010 n. p.). Aborted fetuses are treated as excreta and cremated without further ado. In my opinion, this is an unnecessary waste of food. In my opinion, these fetuses could well be eaten as delicacies. ‘Embryo Dumplings’ as an item on a menu, whether at home or in an eate ry, sounds delicious. Such nourishment might not be the elixir of life, but will certainly contribute to extending youthfulness while retarding the ageing process, if only in China. Perhaps other countries might follow suit. Moreover, it would add a small bit to that country’s stockpile of eatables, providing ‘food’ to the population at large. Works Cited China’s one child policy may be relaxed: Overpopulation complexity: Peak Oil news message boards; 2010; Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cook, Jamie. Population Control and Consequences in China, 1999; Web. Li, Gucheng. A glossary of political terms of the People’s Republic of China. Chinese University Press, 1995. Liu, Tao, and Xing-yi Zhang. Ration of males to females in China. 2009. Web. Population of China 2010; True Knowledge. n. d.; Web. Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal and Other Satirical Works. US: Courier Dover Publications, 1996. This essay on Proposal Modeled on Swift’s Modest was written and submitted by user Black Bolt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay Example

The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay Example The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay They blamed the atrocities happening in their societies on the plant while aiming their accusations toward ethnic minorities to create biased opinions with their supporter. Emerging studies have begun to grab the attention of the public with their shocking results. The old mentalities of the previous generation are dying out, with people now making informed decisions rather than believing what theyre told. With the abundance of becoming aware of the misconceptions of marijuana use. Cannabis is a type of plant that is cultivated for its various types of natural resources, also known as industrial hemp, but is also bred for its psychoactive effects on the body which have medicinal and recreational purposes. There are many known chemicals found within the plant, such as cannibalistic acid, which has similar properties to penicillin. Most notable is the primary active ingredient Delta-9 Dehydrogenations or simply ETC, which is what gives users their high. The United States of America currently considers cannabis as an illegal substance, with only 18 states having made it legal for personal consumption and cultivation. A common misunderstanding is that hemp and cannabis are the same. Although they are both products of the cannabis plants, the distinction comes from the methods used to cultivate themwhich yield different results. Hemp is grown in rows (very similar to corn crops), and bears the resemblance of thin bamboo sticks with wood- like cores. There are currently over 25,000 products that use hemp as a resource. Cannabis, or more commonly referred to as marijuana (Mexican Spanish derivative), is grown with plenty of room allowing the plant to expand its width rather than its height. One main difference between the two breeds is that hemp is generally ultimate outdoors and contains no more than 1% ETC, while marijuana is grown mainly indoors with artificial lighting to strengthen the degree of ETC potency roughly containing 10-20%. The psychoactive effects of inducing marijuana vary for each individual; however, most users experience a euphoric state-of-mind that alters their perception of reality, and heightening their sensory systems (e. G. Vision, touch, taste). The physical side effects include glossy or red eyes, increased heart rate, a dry mouth (commonly referred to as cotton mouth), and a relaxing sensation to the body muscles. Traditionally, marijuana is ground up and rolled into a marijuana cigaretteor is consumed with the use of a pipe. Recent studies have shown that the safest methods to ingesting marijuana is if its eaten by incorporating ETC in meal preparations, or by vaporizing it. A vaporizer is an electronic contraption that heats the weedopposed to combustionto extract the ETC, in the form of an inalienable vapor. For the most part, the effects of marijuana are very static and rarely change. Some of the less desirable effects cause short-term impairments, such as trouble with memory, ability o learn, having questionable Judgment, failure to effectively use motor functions, and an assortment of mental impairments (e. . Anxiety, excessive panic, and paranoia). Although these are common symptoms amongst the general users of marijuana, the negative side effects vary between each individual. There is no credible information at this time that links marijuana and the negative side effects listed above as an inherent presence with each dosage. Cannabis used for medical purposes, or medicinal marijuana, has been stud ied closely for its abilities to cure certain debilitating symptoms. It was first recognized for its magical properties to cure ailments. The first recorded use of marijuana as a medicinal drug occurred in 2737 B. C. By Chinese emperor Sheen Nuns. The emperor documented the drugs effectiveness in treating the pains of rheumatism and gout (2010, Random Facts, Para. 16). With current technologies and research development, medicinal marijuana people diagnosed with UN-curable diseases, marijuana has been put under the microscope for maximizing its potential properties. Doctors currently prescribe it to chemotherapy patients who experience nausea and vomiting, people with neurotic and chronic pains (e. . Lower back pains, arthritis, multiple sclerosis), individuals with a loss of appetite because of medical conditions, and for those who suffer from sleep-related disorders such as insomnia. Its no secret that marijuana has gained a negative image with the public. It has been portrayed as a substance that turns people into lazy stoner who have no sense of direction or goals. However, the same can be said about alcohol. Sure there are some functional alcoholics that maintain an acceptable level of performance in their personal and professional lives, but have a dependency on consuming excessive amounts of alcohol daily. The amount that they induce could incapacitate an average person who drinks on occasionor even cause alcohol poisoning. The same can be said about marijuana users and their capabilities to maintain normal lifestyles. When analyzing the reasons for peoples decisions to drink alcohol or smoke marijuana recreational, they tend to have the same response. For instance, its still rare to see it shown on televisionbut it has made its way onto the big screen. Along with alcohol, the two party-enhancers are commonly seen in movies aimed at the coming of age teens and experimental young adults. If nee could host or be a part of a wild out-of-control party that rewards you with bikini- clad girls and epic re-tell value exaggerations of comical proportionand all it takes is a bit of alcohol or weed? Chances are, they had their minds made up before the previews even started. Peer pressurecoupled with the glorified image of these substances in pop-culture entertainment have become the recipe for impressionable teens seeking out new ways to gain acceptance from their peers. Sadly, the desire of todays youth and young adults to conform to the social norms set by popular media outlets has never been more prominent than it is now. For individuals that struggle with shyness, are disinclined, and have personal inhibitionsconsuming copious amounts of alcohol to reach a point of inebriation is a road they would rather take than be heckled and antagonized for their concerns. The same can be said about smoking marijuana, as it has the tendency to make a person more talkative and appear more cheerful. Last, there are individuals who have stressful days because of strenuous activity (whether it be physical or mental) and simply enjoy indulging in a drink or two. Marijuana mirrors this habit, as users will wish to mellow out. However, his is also where the substance abuse is found. People with daily strugglessuch as anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, financial troubles, etc. often turn to substances to help them forget their worries and escape reality. Although alcohol and marijuana share similar qualities, there are also some clear distinctions between the two. Marijuana is known to induce a calm, relaxing experience while alcohol has been targeted for easily agitating the temperament of a boozeroften advocating violence as a solution. While there are many positive benefits for the use and production of cannabis, it entities to face negative sti gmas and stereotypes with the general public. For instance, many regard marijuana as a gateway drugbut a persons susceptibility to has been acknowledged for its versatility as a resource, it remains outlawed because of the concern that the cultivation of hemp will undoubtedly lead to the legalization of marijuana. A large majority of the concerned public are parents who worry about the impression and influence marijuana will have on their children. Maybes its more important to assess the history of how we dealt with the prohibition of alcohol in the sassand how loosely its viewed by todays standards.

War of 1812 Overview - Aftermath

War of 1812 Overview - Aftermath 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 Efforts for Peace As the war raged, President James Madison worked to bring it to a peaceful conclusion. Hesitant about going to war in the first place, Madison instructed his chargà © d’affaires in London, Jonathan Russell, to seek reconciliation with the British a week after war was declared in 1812. Russell was ordered to seek a peace that only required the British to repeal the Orders in Council and halt impressment. Presenting this to the British foreign minister, Lord Castlereagh, Russell was rebuffed as they were unwilling to move on the latter issue. There was little progress on the peace front until early 1813 when Czar Alexander I of Russia offered to mediate an end to hostilities. Having turned back Napoleon, he was eager benefit from trade with both Great Britain and the United States. Alexander also sought to befriend the United States as a check against British power. Upon learning of the czars offer, Madison accepted and dispatched a peace delegation consisting of John Quincy Adams, James Bayard, and Albert Gallatin. The Russian offer was declined by the British who claimed that the matters in question were internal to the belligerents and not of international concern. Progress was finally achieved later that year following the Allied victory at the Battle of Leipzig. With Napoleon defeated, Castlereagh offered to open direct negotiations with the United States. Madison accepted on January 5, 1814, and added Henry Clay and Jonathan Russell to the delegation. Traveling first to Goteborg, Sweden, they then headed south to Ghent, Belgium where the talks were to take place. Moving slowly, the British did not appoint a commission until May and their representatives did not depart for Ghent until August 2. Unrest on the Home Front As the fighting continued, those in New England and the South grew tired of the war. Never a great supporter of the conflict, New Englands coast was raided with impunity and its economy on the verge of collapse as the Royal Navy swept American shipping from the seas. South of the Chesapeake, commodity prices plummeted as farmers and plantation owners were unable to export cotton, wheat, and tobacco. Only in Pennsylvania, New York, and the West was there any degree of prosperity though this was largely related federal expenditures relating to the war effort. This spending led to resentment in New England and the South, as well as precipitated a financial crisis in Washington. Taking office in late 1814, Treasury Secretary Alexander Dallas forecasted a $12 million revenue shortfall for that year and predicted a $40 million shortfall for 1815. Efforts were made to cover the difference through loans and issuing treasury notes. For those who wished to continue the war, there was a genuine concern that there would not be funds to do so. During the course of the conflict, the national debt had ballooned from $45 million in 1812 to $127 million in 1815. While this angered Federalists who had opposed the war initially, it also worked to undermine Madisons support among his own Republicans. The Hartford Convention The unrest sweeping parts of the country came to a head in New England in late 1814. Angered over the federal governments inability to protect its coasts and its unwillingness to reimburse states for doing so themselves, the Massachusetts legislature called for a regional convention to discuss the issues and weigh whether the solution was something as radical as secession from the United States. This proposition was accepted by Connecticut which offered to host the meeting in Hartford. While Rhode Island agreed to send a delegation, New Hampshire and Vermont refused to officially sanction the meeting and sent representatives in an unofficial capacity. A largely moderate group, they convened in Hartford on December 15. Though their discussions were largely limited to a states right to nullify legislation that adversely affected its citizens and issues related to states preempting federal collection of taxes, the group badly erred by holding its meetings in secret. This led to wild speculation regarding its proceedings. When the group released its report on January 6, 1815, both Republicans and Federalists were relieved to see that it was largely a list of recommended constitutional amendments that were designed to prevent foreign conflicts in the future. This relief quickly evaporated as people came to consider the what ifs of the convention. As a result, those involved quickly became and associated with terms such as treason and disunion. As many were Federalists, the party became similarly tainted effectively ending it as a national force. Emissaries from the convention made it as far as Baltimore before learning of the wars end. The Treaty of Ghent While the American delegation contained several rising stars, the British group was less glamorous and consisted of admiralty lawyer William Adams, Admiral Lord Gambier, and Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Henry Goulburn. Due to the proximity of Ghent to London, the three were kept on a short leash by Castlereagh and Goulburns superior, Lord Bathurst. As the negotiations moved forward, the Americans pressed for an elimination of impressment while the British desired a Native American buffer state between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River. While the British refused to even discuss impressment, the Americans flatly refused to consider ceding territory back to the Native Americans. 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 As the two sides sparred, the American position was weakened by the burning of Washington. With the deteriorating financial situation, war weariness at home, and concerns over future British military successes, the Americans became more willing to deal. Similarly, with fighting and negotiations at a stalemate, Castlereagh consulted the Duke of Wellington, who had turned down command in Canada, for advice. As the British held no meaningful American territory, he recommended a return to status quo ante bellum and an immediate end to the war. With talks at the Congress of Vienna breaking down as a rift opened between Britain and Russia, Castlereagh became eager to end the conflict in North America to focus on European matters. Renewing the talks, both sides ultimately agreed to a return to status quo ante bellum. Several minor territorial and border issues were set aside for future resolution and the two sides signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. The treaty included no mention of impressment or a Native American state. Copies of the treaty were prepared and sent to London and Washington for ratification. The Battle of New Orleans The British plan for 1814 called for three major offensives with one coming from Canada, another striking at Washington, and the third hitting New Orleans. While the thrust from Canada was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh, the offensive in the Chesapeake region saw some success before being halted at Fort McHenry. A veteran of the latter campaign, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane moved south that fall for the attack on New Orleans. Having embarked 8,000-9,000 men, under the command of Major General Edward Pakenham, Cochranes fleet arrived off Lake Borgne on December 12. In New Orleans, the defense of city was tasked to Major General Andrew Jackson, commanding the Seventh Military District, and Commodore Daniel Patterson who oversaw the US Navys forces in the region. Working frantically, Jackson assembled around 4,000 men which included the 7th US Infantry, a variety of militia, Jean Lafittes Baratarian pirates, as well as free black and Native American troops. Assuming a strong defensive position along the river, Jackson prepared to receive Pakenhams assault. With both sides unaware that peace had been concluded, the British general moved against the Americans on January 8, 1815. In a series of attacks, the British were repulsed and Pakenham killed. The signature American land victory of the war, the Battle of New Orleans forced the British to withdraw and re-embark. Moving east, they contemplated an attack on Mobile, but learned of the wars end before it could move forward. The Second War of Independence While the British government had speedily ratified the Treaty of Ghent on December 28, 1814, it took much longer for word to reach across the Atlantic. News of the treaty arrived in New York on February 11, a week after the city learned of Jacksons triumph. Adding to the spirit of celebration, the news that the war had ended quickly spread throughout the country. Receiving a copy of the treaty, the US Senate ratified it by a 35-0 vote on February 16 to officially bring the war to a close. Once the relief of peace had worn off, the war was viewed in the United States as a victory. This belief was propelled by victories such as New Orleans, Plattsburgh, and Lake Erie as well as by the fact that the nation had successfully resisted the power of the British Empire. Success in this second war of independence helped forge a new national consciousness and ushered in the Era of Good Feelings in American politics. Having gone to war for its national rights, the United States never again was refused proper treatment as an independent nation. Conversely, the war was also viewed as victory in Canada where the residents took pride in having successfully defended their land from American invasion attempts. In Britain, little thought was given to the conflict especially as the spectre of Napoleon rose again in March 1815. While the war is noew generally viewed as stalemate between the principal combatants, the Native Americans exited the conflict as losers. Effectively forced out of the Northwest Territory and large tracts of the Southeast, their hope for a state of their own vanished with the end of the war. 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101

The Role of a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of a Woman - Essay Example ge topic for many countries, especially the developing countries, it is with no doubts that the position that women hold in the society is greatly changing. In particular, the society has opened doors for women to conquer in vast areas while trying to support themselves and their families. Apart from taking care of their families, women now take part in businesses, leadership, and even the political arena. The capacity of a woman to decide whether to stay home with her family or to pursue a career is greatly impacted by what the society requires of them. It is with no doubt that a lot has changed since the earlier days when all decisions on money and careers were solely left for men. Today, educational opportunities are wide open for both sexes, and women are allowed to apply legally for practically any type of job. However, as much as women take up new and bigger roles in the society, they are still expected to take care of their families and homes. Generally, there is a notion that women are able to do it all. In essence, women are taught that they can be able maintain a home, raise a family, have a social life and manage their careers all alone. This results in a condition known as superwoman syndrome since it is theoretical impossible for a woman to do all this and still satisfy every aspect of her life. In fact, studies have shown that women who get help with child care and their housework are able to handle their work responsibilities more easily (Elliott,  47). By not delegating enough duties, women block their own path to career success as this makes their workload unmanageable. In this regard, women ought to choose where to put more emphasis between their families and their work. The society does play a great role in determining the kind of choices women make in terms of career and family duties. Human values and beliefs are based on what the society has put to be right and what it has displayed as wrong. Most of the society voices actually hinder women

EFFECTIVE RESEARCH & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE + ISM Case Study

EFFECTIVE RESEARCH & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE + ISM - Case Study Example This can act as a delimiting factor at times. However, I feel that with a little bit of push I can make it to the top. I don’t feel that I possess any kind of threat. There are immense opportunities which I can cash upon. My curious nature, my cognitive thinking skills and my ability to work under pressure. All this will ensure that I produce high quality work in less time. The article is an empirical study on the role and scope of knowledge management systems in organizations. The article’s aims were well defined and chalked out. The article tried to test hypothetical the belief that the technologies used for information purposes in organizations and to lend support to business operations need to more in sync with each other. The focus was to redefine and reanalyze the purpose of KMS in light of the ways most organizations perceive Knowledge management. The study made use of findings from Delphi study and various in-depth interviews were conducted by them. Eventually, it concluded in a suggestion for developing organizational knowledge management systems. It was a qualitative analysis that came to the conclusion that knowledge management systems should be better integrated with the overall technology used in the firm. Thus instead of using a Knowledge Management system as a distinct entity the focus should be put the KMS in context with the prevailing technologies and enhancing their potential through the KM capabilities. The quality of the article was good. It was well researched, well explained and well substantiated. The limitations of the study were clearly indicated in the end and the discussion of the findings was very comprehensive. I believe that a qualitative study should be conducted for this research. As explained by many researchers, a qualitative study is more helpful when complex human behavior need to be researched and studied. In this study, current human behavior towards tutorial systems, prospect attitude towards them and a complex

Survey on Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Survey on Chocolate Essay A delicate tree, cacao is only grown in rain forests in the tropics, usually on large plantations, where it must be protected from wind and intense sunlight. The tree is harvested twice a year. Milk chocolate was invented in 1876 by a Swiss chocolatier, Daniel Peter (1836-1919) of Vevey, Geneva. Daniel Peter successfully combined chocolate with powdered milk to produce the first milk chocolate. Today, the finest chocolate is still made in Switzerland, and the consumption of milk chocolate far outweighs that of plain chocolate. Chocolate was introduced to the United States in 1765 when John Hanan brought cocoa beans from the West Indies into Dorchester, Massachusetts, to refine them with the help of Dr. James Baker. The first chocolate factory in the country was established there. †¢ Chocolate Glossary Unsweetened Chocolate: It is also called baking, plain or bitter chocolate. Since no sugar has been added to the chocolate it has a strong, bitter taste that is used in cooking and baking but is never eaten out of hand. Bittersweet Chocolate: Still dark, but a little sweeter than unsweetened. It is unsweetened chocolate to which sugar, more cocoa butter, lecithin, and vanilla has been added. It has less sugar and more liquor than semisweet chocolate but the two are interchangeable in baking. Bittersweet has become the sophisticated choice of chefs. It contains a high percentage (up to 75%) of cocoa solids, and little (or no) added sugar. Semisweet Chocolate: Slightly sweetened during processing, and most often used in frostings, sauces, fillings, and mousses. They are interchangeable in most recipes. The favorite of most home bakers. It contains a high percentage (up to 75%) of cocoa solids, and little (or no) added sugar. German Chocolate: Dark, but sweeter than semisweet. German chocolate is the predecessor to bittersweet. It has no connection to Germany; it was developed by a man named German. Milk Chocolate or Sweet Chocolate: Candy bar chocolate. Chocolate to which whole and/or skim milk powder has been added. Rarely used in cooking because the protein in the added milk solids interferes with the texture of the baked products. It contains approximately 20 percent cocoa solids. White Chocolate: Many people might argue that white chocolate is not really chocolate. It is made from sweetened cocoa butter mixed with milk solids, sometimes with vanilla added. Since cocoa butter is derived from the cocoa bean, then we can only conclude that real white chocolate is indeed chocolate. Conveture: A term generally used to describe high-quality chocolate used by professional bakers in confectionery and baked products. The word means to cover or to coat. It has more cocoa butter than regular chocolate. Its specially formulated for dipping and coating things like truffles. Chocolate of this quality is often compared to tasting fine wine because subtleties in taste are often apparent, especially when you taste a variety of semisweet and bittersweet couvertures with different percentages of sugar and chocolate liquor. †¢ How Chocolate Is Made Cacao trees are often interplanted with tall shade trees to protect them from direct sunlight. Pods grow on the trunks and larger branches of the trees and take five to six months to ripen. Fruit on the higher branches are harvested with blades on long handles and lower branches are cut with machetes. The pods are cut open with machetes to reveal between 20 to 40 beans each, surrounded by a mass of stickly, white pulp. Traditionally, this was done immediately after harvest; today, pods are sometimes first stored whole for a few days to prime them for fermentation. Fermenting begins when the beans come into contact with the air. Here, a workrt uses a stick to gauge the depth of the mass in a vara, or measuring box, to determine the wage of the harvester, before transferring it to the fermentation bin. During fermentation, the pulp disintegrates, producing steamy heat and a pervasive, yeasty, sour smell. It is at this point that the beans first develop thier complex characteristics. Drying of the beans after fermentation is done on slatted wooden trays in the open air. The beans are spread out evenly and raked periodically so that they dry uniformly. As the beans dry, their colors deepen, turning them into a carpet of sepia, umber, and mocha. Aeration of the dried beans during storage is important to prevent the formation of mold. A worker tosses beans with a shovel to expose them evenly to the air. Grading of the beans is done mechanically at the larger farms; smaller producers do it by hand. From baskets, the dried beans are transferred to burlap bags and transported to local selling stations, where they may be bought by large companies for export. Arriving at the chocolate mills, the beans undergo a thorough cleaning, followed by the roasting which brings out the particular flavor of each variety. Throughout this process, a constant and exact temperature must be maintained. Correct roasting is exceedingly important since under-roasting leaves a raw taste and over-roasting results in a high pungent or even burnt flavor. Now comes the cooling, shelling, and winnowing, from which the cocoa beans emerge cleaned and ready for blending. This important process requires expert knowledge and skill. Not only must the beans be selected which will produce the best chocolate flavor, but uniformity of blend must be preserved year in and year out. After the blending, the cocoa beans are milled or slowly ground between great heated millstones. Under heat and tremendous pressure, the cocoa butter melts and mixes with other parts of the beans forming the ruddy chocolate liquor. The fragrant chocolate odor is now noticeable. The liquor is then treated according to the product to be made. For unsweetened chocolate, the liquor is poured into molds and cooled rapidly in refrigerating rooms. Then the cacao emeres in familiar form, as bars of chocolate, ready to be wrapped and sold. †¢ Storing Chocolate Keep the chocolate in a cool, dry place. Chocolate is best kept at around 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature of a pantry or dark cabinet. It has a shelf life of approximately one year. The normal air conditioned room provides adequate protection. Freezing chocolate is not recommended; when you freeze it and then thaw it out, it will have a greater tendency to bloom. NOTE: Bloom is the white, filmy reside that can develop on chocolate. This usually happens when the chocolate is stored in a warm place, but can happen when you freeze it. Chapter-IV: Research Methodology A)PRIMERY DATA :- As we are doing the Survey of Chocolate we have found that there many people don’t like to eat Chocolate due to various reasone and there are many people who don’t want to shift to another brand of Chocolate due to there taste. There are also some type of people who has interested in chocolate but they can not effort if bcoz of high price for it but some people for this survey they have suggested to 1. To reduce some price of chocolate 2. To make diet chocolate 3. To make spicy chocolate B)SECONDERY DATA:- Adventages :- †¢ IT makes Refreshment †¢ IT reduces calostrol by eating it 2_3 times a week †¢ IT is often classified as a non –healthy food or normally calledtunk food †¢ Dark chocolate is beneifits to the body by medical and scientific reasearcher †¢ dark chocolate may help to avoid heart disease due to presencer of antioxidants Disadventages. †¢ Chocolate is a calorie rich food with a high sugar and fat content, so regular consumption of chocolate requires reducing the caloric intake of other foods. †¢ Chocolate contains a variety of substances, some of which have addictive properties e. g sugar, theobromine and caffeine which are stimulating and mood elevating and phenethylamine which can cause endorphin releases in the brain †¢ chocolate has been linked to nervous tension as well as migraine headaches because it contains compounds known as vasoactive amines that can dilate brain vessels triggering headaches in susceptible individuals. †¢ It has high levels of arginine which is required in the replication of the herpes virus. Chocolate should be avoided by those with active or recurring herpes infections.

The Disaster at Chernobyl Essay -- Nuclear Explosions Ukraine Essays H

The Disaster at Chernobyl On April 26th, 1986, operators at the Chernobyl Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine, ran what they thought to be a routine safety test. But fate was not on the side of these operators. Without warning, reactor #4 became unstable, as it had been operating at a low power for a possible shutdown and the reactor’s design caused it to be unsafe at this level of power. Internal temperatures rose. Attempts to cool the system produced the opposite effect. Instantly, the nuclear core surged with power. At 1:23 p.m., the reactor exploded. The first blast ripped off the reactor's steel roof. The second blast released a large plume of radiation into the sky. Flames engulfed the building. For ten long days, fire fighters and power plant workers attempted to overcome the inferno. Thirty-one of them died of radiation poisoning. Chernobyl was the worst nuclear disaster in history. It unleashed radiation hundreds of times greater than the atomic bombs exploded over Japan during Wo rld War II. [1] Initially the Soviet Government kept the accident at Chernobyl a secret. Because radiation lacks smell or taste, and is invisible, people carried on with their daily lives, all the while inhaling radioactive particles. It took ten days for the Soviet government to evacuate the contaminated areas. Particles fell into the crops and plants of the people. Cows ate grass that had been contaminated by the nuclear particles causing the dairy produ...

Burger Machine SWOT Analysis Essay

As said in the paragraph above, Burger Machine’s brand name is its main â€Å"trump card† in the burger stall market nowadays. When Filipinos think of affordable burgers from burger stalls, they would most likely think of Burger Machine. This increases their chances for repeat and impulse buyers, which sets them apart from their competitors. Taste Aside from the company’s strong brand power, the unforgettable taste of its burgers should be considered as one of its strengths. The company prides itself in creating special sauces as well as having its own special coleslaw. This allows the company to separate itself from its competitors and also helps in attracting more customers in the process. Weaknesses: Cleanliness: A stall’s cleanliness is one of the most important determining factors of a company’s business. Stalls should always be kept as clean as possible and it seems that Burger Machine does not exactly adhere to this kind of thinking. Burger machine stalls are usually old and rusty, for the company has not yet changed the way their stalls have been presented and constructed all throughout these years. Location: Location also plays a vital part of in the overall cleanliness of a stall. Burger Machine stalls are usually located in dark, filthy, and dirty streets. This adds up to the overall unsatisfactory cleanliness of the food stall. Management/ Service: Lack of proper stall management should also be considered as one of the weaknesses that are present in the company. Usually, one employee would be given the task of managing a Burger Machine stall. With all the foot traffic that the company can attract in one day, the quality of service that the stall can provide to its customers usually takes a hit, due to the lack of personnel. Opportunities: High Demand for Western food in the Philippines: Filipinos nowadays have adapted a westernized kind of mentality when it comes to eating food. The rise of burgers and other western types of food in the Philippine market are now starting to translate in a higher demand for burgers in the country. Threats Emergence of Jolly Jeep: Jolly Jeeps are ‘mobile’ stalls that are seen mostly around call center agencies and other offices. They basically offer wide variants of food, from rice meals to finger foods. This poses a threat to the company because of the fact that it can serve as an alternative for people with low budgets, who like to have a wide selection of food to choose from. Wide Expansion of Minute Burger: Minute Burger, one of Burger Machine’s biggest competitors now operates in major cities and provinces in the country. Burger Machine prides itself in being the 4th overall in total number of stalls in the Philippine Market today. If competitors such as Minute Burger continue to expand to other regions in the Philippines, it can pose as a threat to Burger machine as well. Competition: Minute Burger: Minute Burger has been the Burger Machine’s greatest rival ever since the 90’s. The company operates in major cities and locations around the Philippines and basically follows the same business concept that Burger Machine has been using all of this time. As of March 2012, the company has more than 130 franchisees, which operates in more than 350 stores nationwide. Minute Burger, just like Burger Machine, sells its products through the use of ‘mobile’ cart. They also have a wide variant of burgers to offer to their market and also other food offerings here and there. Angel’s Burger: The emergence of Angel’s Burger in the burger industry started in the late 2000’s. The company is one of the pioneering brands in starting the â€Å"buy-one-take-one† burger trend, which has been booming as of late. With their prices positioned lower than brands such as Burger Machine, Angel’s Burger focuses on providing its customers a quantity of burgers, instead of its actual quality. Although there is no immediate information, that is available to consumers about the exact number of stalls that the company has, one cannot deny that numerous stalls of this franchise can be seen all around the Metro Manila region and is continuing to expand to other areas in the Philippines. Market Needs: Quick Food Service: We are living in a fast-paced world and everybody seeks for a food source which can provide them with a quick, but substantial meal. Cheap Food Alternatives Prices are going up each year; from gas prices to other necessities. People nowadays are thriftier when it comes to buying food. They often times have daily budgets, in order for them to go about their business without a fuss. Thus, it leads to the market to prefer food stalls, which are heavy in the stomach, but light in the pocket as well. Market Trends: Buy-one-take-one: Like it is said in the aforementioned part of this paper, people nowadays seek to find the most bang-for-the-buck food alternative, and promos just like buy-one-take-one have been a necessity, most especially for lower market segments.

Study of the Effect of Lead (Heavy Metal)

A major environmental concern due to dispersal of industrial and urban wastes generated by human activities is the contamination of soil. Controlled and uncontrolled disposal of waste, accidental and process spillage, mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, sewage sludge application to agricultural soils are responsible for the migration of contaminants into non-contaminated sites as dust or leachate and contribute towards contamination of our ecosystem. The present study was undertaken to study the effect of heavy metals on the growth of Brasicca juncea and thereby its utilization for phytoremediation. The minimum amount of lead (0 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in 0 % concentration of lead acetate and maximum amount of lead (0. 0011 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in (0. 6%) concentration of lead acetate. The percentage germination for control, 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 6 percent lead acetate treated seedling was 89%, 88%, 86. 66% and 83% respectively. The length of shoot was found much less in plant treated in 0. 6% concentration of lead acetate (10 cm), as compared to the length of shoot in plant treated with 0% concentration of lead acetate (8 cm). Length of roots was found maximum in 0. 6% concentration of lead acetate (2 cm), as compared to the length of shoot in plant treated with 0% concentration of lead acetate (0. 5 cm). It was found that Brasica juncea tolerated highest concentration of heavy metals and can accumulate lead. Key Words: leachate, heavy metals, lead, phytoremediation, Brasicca juncea. Introduction Heavy metal contamination of soil, water and air has caused serious environmental hazard in the biosphere due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Lead is probably one of the most frequently encountered heavy metals in polluted environment. The primary sources of this metal include mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, burning of leaded gasoline, disposal of municipal sewage and industrial wastes enriched in lead as well as using of lead-based paint (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 1984; Seaward and Richard-son 1990). Relatively high levels of lead concentrations were recorded as high as 7,000 Â µg/ gm in roadside soil (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 1984) and 13,380 Â µg/gm in mining district soil (Wick land 1990). In recent years it has been reported that some plant species known as hyper accumulator derived from heavy metal-contaminated areas have the ability to accumulate unusually high content of heavy metals without dramatically being impacted in their growth and development. (Reeves, Brooks and Malaises 1985; Baker and Brooks 1989). This raises the suggestion that these hyper accumulators may provide the basis for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites (Baker et al. 1991). Phytoremediation potential of a few such species for heavy metal-contaminated soil and water has recently been detected (Brown et al. 994; Kumar et al. 1995; Dushenkov et al. 1995; Huang et al. 1997; Blaylock et al. 1997). Lead as a Heavy metal: Lead (Pb) exists naturally in many forms throughout the world & has a soil retention time of 150-5000 yrs. Lead is among those heavy metals which have no known biological function. Never the less, numerous investigations show that plants can accumulate lead via root and shoot, and that the lead concentrations in plant tissues are significantly related to the lead levels in environment (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 1984; Nwosu et al. 995; Sawidis et al 1995; Xiong 1998). Excessive lead accumulated in plant tissue can be toxic to most plants, leading to decrease in seed germination, root elongation and biomass, inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis, as well as cell disturbance and chromosome lesion (Balsberg Pahlsson 1989; Kumar et al. 1991; Fargasova 1994; Xiong 1997c). In lead and other heavy metal-contaminated sites, the vegetation structure and biodiversity are usually reduced barren patches of soil occurring, and trees are sparse or absent (Wickland 1990). Material and Method Brasicca juncea seeds obtained from nursery were treated with lead acetate solution of concentrations ranging from 0. 0%, 0. 2%, 0. 4% & 0. 6% for control the seed were soaked in distilled water. After 24 hrs the seeds were transferred on wet filter paper (wet by the solutions of respective conc. ) in plastic trays. Seedlings were harvested after twenty days, the germination rate and the length of root and shoot was recorded. The amount of lead accumulated in the seedlings was also calculated. Stock solution of 0. 2%, o. 4% and 0. % was prepared in the following way: 20 mg of lead acetate in 1000 ml distilled water in volumetric flask gave 0. 2% of lead acetate solution. In the same way 40 mg & 60 mg lead acetate salt were dissolved to prepare 0. 4% & 0. 6%. stock solutions respectively. The DNA in control and the treated seedlings was estimated by Diphenylamine reaction. Optical density was read at 595 nm on a photoelectric colorimeter. Standard graph of O. D. on Y-axis and concentration of standard DNA on X-axis was plotted. DNA from sample was estimated with the help of standard graph. The Folin Lowry’s method of protein assay was used for protein estimation in control and treated seedlings. Optical density was read at 625 nm on photoelectric colorimeter. For the estimation of lead from the treated seedlings, 10 gm of the plant material was crushed in mortar and pestle in 40 ml distilled water and the solution was filtered. Another series was made by taking 10 ml sample solution from filtrate of all concentrations from 0. 2%, 0. 4%, 0. 6% and control. 25 ml of freshly prepared Ammonium solution and 0. 5 ml of Sodium sulfide solution was added to all the above test tubes. Similarly for standard graph, varying concentration (0. 25 – 1. 5ml) of working lead solution was prepared. To this 25 ml of freshly prepared Ammonium solution to make it alkaline was added; also 0. 5 ml of Sodium Sulfide was added. The volume of all solutions was equalized with distilled water. A blank was also prepared in the same manner without adding lead solution. Optical density was read at 430 nm on photoelectric colorimeter. The concentration of lead was calculated in terms of mg/litre from standard graph. Result & Discussion The minimum amount of DNA (4. 50 mg/gm) was found in seedlings treated in (0%) concentration of lead acetate after 20 days of treatment, and maximum minimum amount of DNA (4. 675 mg/gm) found in plant treated in (0. 6%) concentration of lead acetate after 20 days of treatment. The graph shows that the amount of DNA increases as the concentration of lead acetate goes on increasing. The minimum amount of Protein (86 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in (0%) concentration of lead acetate after 20 days of treatment, and maximum amount Protein (93. 5 mg/gm) found in plant treated in (0. 6%) concentration of lead acetate after 20 days of treatment 89. mg and 91. 5mg of protein was estimated in the seedlings treated with 0. 4% and 0. 6% lead acetate. From the graph it can be concluded that the amount of protein increased with the increase in the concentration of lead. The graphical representation was done for calculating the concentration of lead in the treated seedlings. The optical density was read at 430 nm for control, 0. 2%, 0. 4% and 0. 6% lead acetate treated seedlings was 0, 0. 013, 0. 016 and 0. 019 respectively. The graph plotted resulted into a straight line, indicating the increased accumulation of lead in the seedlings. The concentration of lead was calculated using graph. In 1gm of control, 0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 percent lead acetate treated seedling sample had 0 mg, 0. 00078 mg, 0. 00094 mg and 0. 0011 mg of lead respectively. The minimum amount of lead (0 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in (0%) concentration of lead acetate and maximum amount of lead (0. 0011 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in (0. 6%) concentration of lead acetate. This suggests that Brasicca juncea could accumulate comparatively high doses lead. The percentage germination for 1 gm each of control, 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. percent lead acetate treated seedling was 89%, 88%, 86. 66% and 83% respectively. The germination with increase in concentration of lead acetate did not show any inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds but a steady decrease in the percentage of germination was observed. Maximum percentage of germination was found in control seeds. Out of 300 seeds soaked in 0. 2%, 0. 4% and 0. 6% solution of lead acetate showed 264, 260 and 249 seeds germinating respectively. When compared to the control the germination percentage of the treated seeds did not differ much. This indicated the capability of Brasicca juncea in tolerating the presence of heavy metals like lead. The shoot length for 1 gm each of control, 0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 percent lead acetate treated seedling was 8 cm, 8. 5 cm, 8. 3cm, and 10 cm respectively; also the root length for 1 gm each of control, 0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 percent lead acetate treated seedling was 0. 5 cm, 0. 8 cm, 1. 0 cm and 2. 0 cm respectively. The length of shoot was found maximum in plant treated in 0. 6% concentration of lead acetate (10 cm), as compared to the length of shoot in plant treated with 0% concentration of lead acetate (8 cm). Length of roots was found maximum in 0. 6% concentration of lead acetate (2 cm), as compared to the length of shoot in plant treated with 0% concentration of lead acetate (0. 5 cm). This indicates that Brasicca juncea was able to utilize the increased amount of lead to its advantage, suggesting the use of Brasicca juncea as a natural alternative for phytoremediation. Conclusion The present study indicates that plant species like Brasicca juncea can tolerate wide range of heavy metals concentration, it utilizes the heavy concentration for its all round growth . It can be used in removal of lead; and hence its use in phytoremediation in future. Phytoremediation is a fast developing field, since last ten years lot of field application were initiated all over the world, it includes Phytoremediation of Organic, Inorganic and Radio nuclides. This sustainable and inexpensive process is fast emerging as a viable alternative to conventional remediation methods and will be most suitable for a developing country like India. Most of the studies have been done in developed countries and knowledge of suitable plants is particularly limited in India. In India commercial application of Phytoremediation of Soil heavy metal or Organic compounds is in its earliest phase. Fast growing plants with high biomass and good metal uptake ability are needed. In most of the contaminated sites hardy, tolerant, weed species exist and phytoremediation through these and other non-edible species can restrict the contaminant from being introduced into the food web. Further studies need to be performed in order to establish the maximum amount of lead that the plants may tolerate, and the ability of Brasicca juncea to germinate and grow in media containing mixtures of heavy metals.

Masterpieces and Metapictures essays

Masterpieces and Metapictures essays ARHT Masterpieces and Metapictures Essay In Jean Baudrillards publication, Absolute Merchandise, Baudrillard explores French poet and art critic, Charles Baudelaires, ideas on the modern art, supporting these with Andy Warhols Pop Art. By doing so, Baudrillard discusses the essence of modern art and addresses the orthodox notion that art is rapidly being corrupted and degraded by a commercial, vulgar, capitalist, advertising society (Baudrillard, 1988, pp. 18). Through Baudelaire, Baudrillard implies that this is not necessarily the case, the traditional art concept being outdated within the context of modern society. In fact, he suggests, the salvation of art is embedded within the alienation of the aesthetic values traditional artwork concepts were founded on. Baudrillard refers to this as the relentless pursue (of) the indifference and equivalence of mercantile value (Baudrillard, 1988, pp.18), which, in effect, transforms the artwork into what he calls absolute merchandise (Baudrillard, 1988, pp.18). Baudrillard begins this article by indicating that art is caught up in the process of its own disappearance (Baudrillard, 1988, pp.18). To Baudrillard, much of modern art is based on disappearance, in particular, the disappearance of meaning; as the acknowledgement of the nothing is essential for the virtue of modern art. Whilst many critics argued that the treat of mercantile value would reduce the work of art to the status of a mere object (Baudrillard, 1988, pp.18), Baudrillard argues, with respect to Baudelaire that art cannot seek to revive itself in the critical posture of denial (Baudrillard, 1988, pp.18), which will demean it to the state of art for arts sake. Instead, Baudrillard suggests an ironic proposal: that art should fight alienation with its own weapons (Baudrillard, 1988...

Adaptations for High Altitude Birds

Adaptations for High Altitude Birds Birds have developed the ability to maintain flight at various altitudes. The focus of this essay was placed specifically on flight at high altitudes. The characteristics of birds which maintain flight at high altitudes were found to be enhanced gaseous exchange efficiency, higher O2 affinity haemoglobin, and increase O2 diffusion to muscle fibers as a result of an increase in capillary-fiber ratio in a high-altitude hypoxic environment. It has also been seen that birds found at high altitudes have larger wingspans thereby reducing the energetic costs of flight in low-density air. Key words: Altitude, hemoglobin, hypoxic, wingspan Introduction Though not all birds are capable of flight, most birds are commonly recognized by flight. Birds are found all over the surface of the Earth (Bicudo et al, 2010) in a variety of environments which they are adapted to. Here we will explore the physiology of high altitude bird flight. The main focus will be placed on migrating birds due to the l arge amount of research performed on the species and migrating birds are found at a huge range of altitudes. As stated by Bicudo et al (2010), â€Å"High altitude experienced by birds that reside or breed in high mountains or by migrating birds that must cross such ranges† are considered to be high elevation specialist’s. Factors associated with high altitude causes this environment to be especially challenging for avian flight, these factors includes â€Å"high ambient wind speeds, low air temperatures, low oxygen availability and low air density† (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). These factors may be detrimental in a birds’ flight performance specifically on bird biomechanics (lift and drag) of avian flight (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). A consequence of the factors may result in energetics cost being higher in the severely hypoxic and cold environment (Butler and Bishop, 2000). The objective of this essay is to discuss the many features of birds which appea r to be important for high altitude flight (Scott, 2011). Environmental factors at high altitude As stated by Altshuler and Dudley (2006), a gradient in altitude indicates a change in numerous environmental parameters. As altitudes increase, temperature and humidity decrease, however, day length or solar angle of incidence remains the same (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). An altitude increase, there is a systematic decrease O2 partial pressure (Bicudo et al., 2010). This is one of the most importance changes taking place with regards to respiratory and metabolism due to the reduced availability of oxygen. As partial pressure reduces, there is an inversely increase in the gaseous diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, wind speed increases with altitude, studies propose that birds can minimize their energy costs of flights through the use of wind assistance (Bicudo et al., 2010). As altitude increases, there is also a noticeable decrease with in water content. This decrease in water content in cool air at high elevations may result in desiccation (Bicudo et al., 2010). Thus high oxygen demands for flight are at odds with a decreased O2 availability, air density and lift (Altshuler and Dudley, 2006). Physiology of flight at high altitude Muscles Flight requires a high endurance capacity, for this reason, it relies on oxidative metabolism for energy (Bicudo et al. 2010). The pectoralis muscles of a bird is considered the â€Å"flight motor† of a bird and constitute up to 35% of the total body mass (Bicudo et al. 2010). Long distance migrants â€Å"flight motor† muscles possess rapidly oxidative glycolytic muscle fibers and short distance migrants â€Å"flight motor† muscles possess muscle fibers with a much lower oxidative capacity as well as fast-acting glycolytic fibers (Bicudo et al. 2010). It should be noted that muscle capillary-per-fiber number is higher in highly aerobic pectoral muscles and less aerobic leg muscles for high altitude birds (B icudo et al. 2010).

Impression of view Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Impression of view - Movie Review Example A bootleg South African phenomenon presented two South African fans who sort to find the roots of South African apartheid rule and what happened to their superhero (Bendjelloul 1). This paper critically examines how and why the story of searching for sugar man appealed to the audience. Many of the lyrics of Rodriguez told of the daily challenges of the homeless and the working poor and the story of a society that was in decline â€Å"Cause.† While Rodriguez was deemed as a commercial failure at home, his rock musical records were extremely popular in South Africa.. His intriguing story particularly touched many of his audience. For example, as an artist, Rodriguez artist message considering his talents could have firstly been welcomed in his birthplace more than anywhere in the world. Throughout its performance, the story has in numerous occasions sparked standing ovation with some members of audience left cheering and crying. One of the ways through which the story touches the audience is the use of Rodriguez’s outstanding music characterized by prophetic lyrics and soulful melodies. â€Å"He is like a poet and from his lyrics, I know his sorrow.† †¦. â€Å"Because I lost my job two weeks before Christmas........†(From the song â €Å"cause†). Additionally, being one of the greatest rock and pop music icon by 1970s, the use of Rodriguez’s music may have contributed to the Searching for Sugar Man’s captivating touch on the audience. Generally, Bendjelloul’s film provided the fans of the â€Å"Searching for Sugar Man† with the continued inspiration that they needed. The inspirational content rediscovered in Sixto music finally would be touchy. For someone to blindly follow your musical career routes, you must have been a greater influence in their lives. Segerman is a music store owner. As much as he lacks the knowledge of recording and distribution, he feels touched by Rodriguez expertise in the entertainment industry.